D = in Dutch / G = in German / E = in English language

(D)	HANDBOEK HAMSTERS EN GERBILS Alderton, David (1988)
(E)	THE INTERPET GUIDE TO HAMSTERS AND GERBILS Alderton, David (1988)
(G)	HAMSTER & KLEINE NAGER Alderton, David (1995)
(E)	A STEP BY STEP BOOK ABOUT GERBILS Badley, Patrick and Perle, Heather
(E)	YOUR FIRST GERBIL Baker, Nickie (1996) * ISBN: 185279039-3
(E)	THE PROPER CARE OF GERBILS Barrie, Anmarie (1992) ISBN: 0-86622-187-5
(E)	GERBILS AS A NEW PET Barrie, Anmarie (1995) * ISBN: 0-86622-608-7
(E)	THE PROFESSIONAL'S BOOK OF GERBILS Bernhard, Robert (1993) ISBN: 0-86622-6699-9
(E)	GERBILS Gudas, Raymond (1986) * ISBN: 0-8120-9020-9
(E)	HAMSTERS AND GERBILS Harper, Don (1996) * ISBN: 1-85600-058-3
(D)	ZORG ZELF VOOR JE GERBIL Hearne, Tina (1981) * ISBN: 90.252.7149.9
(E)	THE HANDBOOK OF RODENTS IN CAPTIVITY Henwood, Chris (1985)
(E)	GERBILS AS A HOBBY Holland, Laurie
(G)	RENNMÄUSE Kötter, Engelbert (1988)
(D)	WOESTIJNRATTEN EN HUN VERZORGING Lawrence, Keith & Joyce (1988) * ISBN: 90.5112.082.6
(E)	GERBILS AND JIRDS Leiper, Brian (1990) * ISBN: 0-946873-94-1
(E)	THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF MAMMALS (Part 2) MacDonald, David (1984)
(G)	ALLES ÜBER RENNMÄUSE Mettler, Michael (1992) * ISBN: 3-8068-1318-3
(E)	THE CURIOUS GERBILS (a booklet on caring for them) Morrison, P. and P.(1967) * ISBN: 07-018461-5
(D)	HÉT BOEK DER PELSDIEREN Nederlandse Konijnenfokkers Bond (1988)
(E)	THE T.F.H. BOOK OF GERBILS Ostrow, M. (1981) * ISBN: 0-87666-824-4
(E)	GERBILS: A COMPLETE INTRODUCTION Ostrow, M. ISBN: 0-086622-267-7
(E)	GERBILS Paradise, Paul (1988) ISBN: 0-87666-927-5
(D)	DE GERBIL ALS GEZELSCHAPSDIER Petrij, Fred & De Wit, Netty (1996) * ISBN: 90-5266-143-X (Click here for more information about this book )
(E)	GERBILS (FIRST PETS) Petty, Kate (1989) * ISBN: 0 86313 949 3
(E)	LOOKING AFTER YOUR GERBILS Piers, Helen (1993) * ISBN: 0-7112-0768-2
(E)	TAKING CARE OF YOUR GERBILS Pope, Joyce (1987) * ISBN: 0 86313 414 9 (UK) ISBN: 0-531-10190-8 (US)
(E)	GUIDE TO OWNING A GERBIL Putman, Perry (1997) * ISBN: 0-7938-2152-5
(E)	HOW TO RAISE AND TRAIN GERBILS Robinson, Jr., D.G. (1967) * M-524 TFH
(E)	EXHIBITION AND PET HAMSTERS AND GERBILS Robinson, David (1997)
(G)	UNSERE RENNMÄUSE Rohrbach, Carmen (1987)
(D)	ONS WOESTIJNRATJE Rohrbach, Carmen (1987) * ISBN: 90 03 90172 4
(E)	CARE FOR YOUR GERBIL The official RSPCA pet guide (1996) * ISBN: 0-00-412731-5
(G)	HAMSTER, MEERSCHWEINCHEN, MÄUSE UND ANDERE NAGETIERE Schmidt, Günter (1985)
(D)	HAMSTERS & GERBILS Smith, K.W. (1978)
(D)	KLEINE KNAAGDIEREN ALS LIEFHEBBERIJ Sterk-Takes, H.J.M. (1980)
(E)	SMALL PET HANDBOOK Taylor, David (1996)
(D)	GERBILS VNK (1987) *

TAXONOMY

A REVISION OF THE GENUS MERIONES.
Chaworth-Musters, J.L. and Ellermann, J.R. 1948. Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific Zoological Society, 1243: 478-504 *

RANDOM X-CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION IN INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF MERIONES LIBYCUS (M) X MERIONES SHAWI (F) (RODENTIA: GERBILLINAE).
Cohen, M.M., Hastings, C., Nadler, C.F., Lay, D.M. 1971. Experienta 27/9: 1084-6

THE MAMMALS OF THE PALAEARTIC REGION: A TAXONOMIC REVIEW.
Corbet, G.B. 1978. Cornell University Press, London, Ithaca. *

MAMMAL SPECIES OF THE WORLD. A TAXONOMIC AND GEOGRAPHIC REFERENCE.
Don, W.E., Reeder, DA.M. (edited). 1993. Smithsonian Institution Press, 2nd ed.: 546-63

VERGLEICHENDE LABORUNTERSUCHUNGEN DER MONGOLISCHE RENNMAEUSE MERIONES UNGUICULATUS UND MERIONES MERIDIANUS.
Gattermann, R., Gattermann E.-M., Harnisch, CH. 1986. Erforsch. biol. res. MVR 5: 33-40

REMAINS OF GERBILLINAE (RODENTIA, MAMMALIA) FROM THE PLIOCENE OF POLAND.
Kowalski, K. 1974. Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. [Biol.], 22(9): 591-5

THE MAMMALS OF AFRICA: AN IDENTIFICATION MANUAL.
Meester, J., Setzer, H.W. 1977. Smithson. Inst. Press, Washington, D.C.

CHROMOSOMES OF SOME SPECIES OF MERIONES (MAMMALIA: RODENTIA).
Nadler, C.F., Lay, D.M. 1967. Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde, 32, No.5: 285-91 *

THE SOMATIC CHROMOSOMES OF THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Pakes, S.P. 1969. Lab. Anim. Care, 19, no. 6, 857-861 *

PHYLOGENETIC STUDIES OF THE RODENT FAMILY GERBILLIDAE: I. CHROMOSOMAL EVOLUTION IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN COMPLEX.
Qumsiyeh, M.B. 1986. J. Mamm., 67(4): 680-92

RATES OF PROTEIN, CHROMOSOME AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION IN FOUR GENERA OF RHOMBOYINE GERBILS.
Qumsiyeh, M.B., Chesser, R.K. 1988. (part 2 in the series 'Phylogenetic studies of the rodent family Gerbillidae') Biochemical Systematics and ecology, 16(1): 89-103

MAMMALS SPECIES OF THE WORLD. A TAXONIMIC AND GEOGRAPHIC REFERENCE.
Wilson and Reeder. 1993. 2nd edition. Smithsonian Institution press, Washington and London. p. 546-563 *

Taxonomy, Ecology, Behaviour, Reproduction, Physiology, Pathology, General

ECOLOGY

ECOLOGY AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF MONGOLIAN GERBILS, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS, AT XILINHOT, INNER MONGOLIA, CHINA.
Agren, G., Zhou, Q. & Zhong, W. 1989. Anim. Behav., 37: 11-37. *

1996 IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED ANIMALS.
Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (edited). 1996. The IUCN Species Survival Commission

SOCIO-ECOLOGY OF SAHARAN GERBILS, ESPECIALLY MERIONES LIBYCUS.
Daly, M., Daly, S. 1975. Mammalia, 39(2): 289-311 *

RODENTS A WORLD SURVEY OF SPECIES OF CONSERVATION CONCERN.
Lidicker, W.Z. (edited) 1989. Occasional papers of the IUCN species survival comission (SSC) No. 4. IUCN-The World Conservation Union

REPARTITION GEOGRAPHIQUE ET ECOLOGIE DES RONGEURS DESERTIQUES.
Petter, F. 1961. Mammalia, 25, no spJc., 1-222.

RODENTS IN DESERT ENVIRONMENTS EDITED.
Prakash, L and Gosh, P.K. (volume editors). 1975. Monographiae Biologicae 1975 Vol 28 (Illes, J. series editor). Dr W. Junk b.v. Publishers, The Hague. *
ISBN: 90 6193 080 4

ECOLOGY OF THE GERBILS OF THE RAJASTHAN DESERT, INDIA.
Prakash, I. 1962. Mammalia, 26: 311-31 *

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON WAGNER'S GERBIL, GERBILLUS NANUS INDUS (THOMAS), IN THE INDIAN DESERT.
Prakash, I. and Jain, A.P. 1971. Mammalia, 35: 614-628. *

Taxonomy, Ecology, Behaviour, Reproduction, Physiology, Pathology, General

BEHAVIOUR

EARLY ISOLATION IN THE GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS): BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS.
Berg, R.A., Shanin, R.D., Hull, E.M. 1975. Physiological Psychology, 183:281-90

THE ROLE OF THE PHYSICAL REARING ENVIRONMENT IN THE DOMESTICATION OF THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Clark, M.M., Galef, B.G. 1977. Animal Behaviour, 25: 298-316

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE ON DEVELOPMENT, BEHAVIOR, AND ENDOCRINE MORPHOLOGY OF GERBILS.
Clark, M.M., Galef, B.G. 1981. Physiology and Behaviour, 27: 761-5

THE IMMOBILITY RESPONSE ELICITED BY CLAMPING AND GRASPING IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
de la Cruz, F., Junquera, J. 1993. Behavioural Brain Research, 54: 165-9

THE FORAGING BEHAVIOUR OF MONGOLIAN GERBILS: A BEHAVIOURAL NEED OR A NEED TO KNOW?
Forkman, B. 1995. Behaviour, 132: 2-14 *

THE EFFECT OF UNCERTAINTY ON THE FOOD INTAKE OF THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Forkman, B. 1995. Behaviour, 132: 627-39

SOME PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF MONGOLIAN GERBILS (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS) UNDER SEMINATURAL CONDITIONS.
Gallup, G.G., Waite, M.S. 1970. Psychonomic Science, 20: 25-6

SHREDDING OF NESTING MATERIAL IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Glickman, S.E., Fried, L., Morrison, B.A. 1967. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 24: 473-4

POPULATION DENSITY AND SOCIAL, TERRITORIAL, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES IN THE GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Hull, E.M., Langan, C.J., Rosselli, L. 1973. J. of Comp. and Phys. Psych., 84: 414-22

EFFECTS OF CROWDING AND INTERMITTENT ISOLATION ON GERBILS (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Hull, E.M., Chapin, E., Kastaniotis, C. 1974. Physiology and Behaviour, 13: 723-7

BEHAVIOURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Kaplan, H., Hyland, S.H. 1972. Anim. Behav., 20: 147-54 *

FREILAND- UND GEFANGENSCHAFTSBEOBACHTUNGEN AN DER NORDAFRIKANISCHEN RENNMAUS GERBILLUS NANUS GARAMANTIS LATASTE 1881.
Kirchshofer, R. 1958. Z. Saeugetierk., 23, 33-49.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ESCAPE BEHAVIOR IN MONGOLIAN GERBILS.
Kotary, L., Cleary, T., Drews, D. 1990. J. of Penn. Acad. of Sci., 64(3): 116-20

STRUCTURE DE L'ESCAPE ET RETOUR AU NID CHEZ LA GERBILLE DE MONGOLIE (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Le Berre, M., Le Guelte, L. 1988. Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde, 53: 225-33

OPEN FIELD BEHAVIOR OF THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Nauman, D.J. 1968. Psychonomic Science, 10(5): 163-4

SUPPRESSION OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Norris, M.L., Adams, C.E. 1972. Lab. Anim. 6(3):295-9

HELPERS (?) AT THE NEST IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Ostermeyer, M.C., Elwood, R.W. 1984. Behaviour, 91: 61-77

SANDBATHING IS THERMOREGULATORY IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Pendergrass, M., Thiessen, D. 1983. Behav. Neural. Biol. 37(1):125-33

THE INFLUENCE OF LIVING AREA SPACE ON BEHAVIOR IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Pettijohn, T.F., Barkes, B.M. 1979. Journal of General Psychology, 100: 125-8

INFLUENCE OF TEST AREA SIZE ON SOCIAL INVESTIGATION IN MALE MONGOLIAN GERBILS.
Pettijohn, T.F., Merrit, D.F. 1980. Journal of General Psychology, 103: 13-9

SOME TRAITS OF THE SOCIAL ORGANISATION OF VINOGRADOV'S JIRD IN ARMENIA.
Popov, S.V., Il'ichenko, O.G., Vowshchanova, I.P, Chabovski, A.V. 1994. Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody Otdel Biologicheskii, 99(3): 15-21

THE DYNAMICS OF THE AGGRESSIVE INTERACTIONS IN "SOCIAL" AND "SOLITARY" SPECIES OF GERBILS (RODENTIA, CRICETIDAE).
Popov, S.V., Voshchanova, I.P. 1996. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 75(1): 125-132

RUNNING-WHEEL ACTIVITY AND AVOIDANCE IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Powell, R.W., Peck, S. 1969. J. of the Exp. Ana. of Beh., 12: 779-87

ZUM VERHALTEN VON MERIONES TAMARISCINUS PALL.
Rauch, H. 1957. Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde, 22: 218-40

GERBIL RUNWAY PERFORMANCE UNDER HUNGER MOTIVATION.
Reynierse, J.H., Scavio Jr, M.J., Ulness, J.D. 1969. Psychonomic Science, 16(1): 36-7

AGONISTIC BEHAVIOUR IN MONGOLIAN GERBILS.
Reynierse, J.H. 1970. Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde, 29: 173-7

THE EFFECTS OF MAINTENANCE CONDITION ON AGGRESSION AND MARKING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Rieder, C.A., Reynierse, J.H. 1971. J. of Comp. and Physiol. Psych., 75: 471-5

SEX DIFFERENCES IN CIRCARDIAN WHEEL RUNNING RHYTHMS IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Roper, T.J. 1976. Physiology and Behaviour, 17: 549-551

THE BEHAVIOUR OF MONGOLIAN GERBILS IN A SEMI-NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VENTRAL MARKING, DOMINANCE AND SOCIABILITY.
Roper, T.J., Polioudakis, E. 1977. Behaviour, 61(3-4): 207-37

TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR CHARACTERISTICS IN GERBILS.
Rothenberg, D. 1974. Psychological Reports, 34: 810

"FOOT-STOMPING" IN THE GERBIL: REWARDING BRAIN STIMULATION, SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR, AND FOOT SHOCK.
Routtenberg, A., Kramis, R.C. 1967. Nature, 214: 173-4

MALE SALIVA CUES AND FEMALE SOCIAL CHOISE IN MONGOLIAN GERBILS.
Smith, B.A. and Block, M.L. 1990. Physiology & Bahavior, Vol. 50, pp. 379-384 *

SOCIAL ISOLATION IN THE GERBIL: ITS EFFECTS ON EXPLORATORY OR AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR AND ADRENOCORTICAL ACTIVITY.
Spencer, J., Gray, J., Dalhouse, A. 1973. Physiology and Behaviour, 10: 231-7

EXPLORATION AND ACTIVITY IN THE GERBIL AND RAT.
Thompson, R.W., Lippman, L.G. 1972. J. of Comp. and Phys. Psych., 80: 439-48

A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREQUENCY OF DISPLAY OF TERRITORIAL MARKING BEHAVIOR AND COAT COLOR IN MALE MONGOLIAN GERBILS.
Turner, J.W., Jr and Carbonell, C. 1984. Lab. Anim. Sci., 34, no. 5, 488-490. *

THE GERBIL AS A SUBJECT IN BAHAVIORAL RESEARCH.
Walter, G.C., Pearl, J., Rogers, J.V. 1963. Psychological Reports, 12: 315-8

PARENTAL BEHAVIOUR IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS). I. RETRIEVAL.
Waring, A.D., Perper, T. 1979. Animal Behaviour, 27: 1091-7

PARENTAL BEHAVIOUR IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS). II. PARENTAL INTERACTIONS.
Waring, A.D., Perper, T. 1980. Animal Behaviour, 28: 331-40

ROLES OF EYES AND VIBRISSAE IN MAZE RUNNING BEHAVIOR OF GERBILS AND KANGAROO RATS.
Webster, D.B., Caccavale, K.L. 1966. American Zoologist, 6: 298

EFFECTS OF ISOLATION ON AGGRESSION IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Wechklin, S., Breuer, L.F. 1974. Psychological Reports, 35: 415-21

UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR CHRONOBIOLOGIE, ETHOLOGIE UND ZU SRESSREAKTIONEN DER MONGOLISCHEN WUESTENRENNMAUS, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS (MILNE EDWARDS, 1867).
Weinandy, R., Disertation, Universitaet Halle (1996). *

THE ONTOGENY OF STEREOTYPIES IN GERBILS.
Wiedenmayer, C. 1995. Inaugural-Dissertation, Universitaet Zuerich

SOCIAL PREFERENCE OF FEMALE GERBILS (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS) AS INFLUENCED BY COAT COLOR OF MALES.
Wong, R., Gray-Allan, P., Chiba, C., Braxton, A. 1990. Behavioural and neural biology, 54; 184-90 *

COAT COLOR GENES AND CAGE TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON CARE OF THE BODY SURFACE (COBS) BAHAVIOR OF MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Wong, R., Gray-Allan, P. 1992. Behavior Genetics Vol. 22, No. 1: 125-34 *

SOCIAL SUBORDINATION AND SCENT-MARKING IN MALE MONGOLIAN GERBILS (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Yahr, P. 1977. Animal Behaviour, 25: 292-7

BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SCENT MARKING BEHAVIOR IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Yoshimura, H. 1981. Jikken Dobutsu 30(2): 107-12
 

Taxonomy, Ecology, Behaviour, Reproduction, Physiology, Pathology, General

REPRODUCTION

OBSERVATIONS ON REPRODUCTION IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Adams, C.E., Norris, M.L. 1973. Journal of Reproduction and Fertillity, 33:185-8

PAIR FORMATION IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Agren, G. 1984. Animal Behaviour, 32:528-35

ALTERNATIVE MATING STRATEGIES IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL
Agren, G. 1984 pp. 229-43 *

THE INFLUENCE OF THE MALE ON MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Ahroon, J.K., Fidura, F.G. 1976. Animal Behaviour, 24:372-5

THE OESTRUS CYCLE IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Barfield, M.A., Beeman, E.A. 1968. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 17:247-51

REPRODUCTION IN FEMALE INDIAN GERBIL (TATERA INDICA).
Bland, K.P. 1969. Journal of Zoology (London) 157: 47-61

PRE-COPULATORY BEHAVIOUR IN RELATION TO STAGES OF THE OESTRUS CYCLE IN THE FEMALE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Burley, R.A. 1979. Behaviour, 72:211-41

LIFESPAN ONTOGENITY OF BREEDING AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCES IN MONGOLIAN GERBILS.
Cheal, M. 1983. Laboratory Animals, 17: 240-5

REPRODUCTIVE LIFE HISTORY CORRELATES OF EARLY AND LATE SEXUAL MATURATION IN FEMALE MONGOLIAN GERBILS (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Clark, M.M., Spencer, C.A., Galef, B.G. 1986. Animal Behaviour, 34: 551-60

IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF BREEDING COLONIES OF MONGOLIAN GERBILS (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Clark, M.M., Spencer, C.A., Galef, B.G. 1986. Laboratory Animals, 20: 313-5

SEXUAL SEGREGATION IN THE LEFT AND RIGHT HORNS OF THE GERBIL UTERUS: "THE MALE EMBRYO IS USUALLY ON THE RIGHT, THE FEMALE ON THE LEFT" (HIPPOCRATES).
Clark, M.M., Galef, Jr. B.G. 1990. Developmental Psychobiology, 23(1): 029-037

FETAL UTERINE POSITION AFFECTS COPULATION AND SCENT MARKING BY ADULT MALE GERBILS.
Clark, M.M., Malenfant, S.A., Winter, D.A., Galef, B.G. 1990. Physiology and Behaviour, 47: 301-5

NONRANDOM SEX COMPOSITION OF GERBIL, MOUSE, AND HAMSTER LITTERS BEFORE AND AFTER BIRTH.
Clark, M.M., Galef, Jr. B.G., Vom Saal, F.S. 1991. Developmental Psychobiology, 24(2): 081-090

CONCENTRATIONS OF SEX STERIOD HORMONES IN PREGNANT AND FETAL MONGOLIAN GERBILS.
Clark, M.M., Crews, D., Galef, B.G. 1991. Physiology and Behaviour, 49: 239-43

FURTHER EVIDENCE OF SEX-BASED MATERNAL INVESTMENT BY MONGOLIAN GERBIL DAMS.
Clark, M.M., Waddingham, C.L., Galef, B.G. 1991. Animal Behaviour, 42: 161-2

STUD MALES AND DUD MALES: INTRA-UTERINE POSITION EFFECTS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCES OF MALE GERBILS.
Clark, M.M., Tucker, L., Galef, B.G. 1992. Animal Behaviour, 43: 215-21

INTRAUTERINE POSITION EFFECTS ON SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC ASYMETRIES OF MONGOLIAN GERBILS: TESTOSTERONE, EYE OPENING, AND PAW PREFERENCE.
Clark, M.M., Galef, B.G., Robertson, R.K. 1993. Developmental Psychobiology, 26: 185-94

RESPONSIVENESS TO TESTOSTERONE OF MALE GERBILS FROM KNOWN INTRAUTERINE POSITIONS.
Clark, M.M., Bishop, A.M., vom Saal, F.S., Galef, B.G. 1993. Physiology and Behaviour, 53: 1183-7

HORMONALLY MEDIATED INHERITANCE OF AQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS IN MONGOLIAN GERBILS.
Clark, M.M., Karpiuk, P., Galef, B.G. Jr. 1993. Nature 364(6439):712 *

A MALE GERBIL'S INTRAUTERINE POSITION AFFECTS FEMALE RESPONSE TO HIS SCENT MARKS.
Clark, M.M., Galef, B.G. Jr. 1994. Pysiol. Behav., 55(6): 1137-9

A GERBIL DAM'S FETAL INTRAUTERINE POSITION AFFECTS THE SEX RATIOS OF LITTERS SHE GESTATES.
Clark, M.M., Galef, B.G. Jr. 1994. Physiology & Behavior, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 297-9

CHANGES IN THE RESPONSES OF MALE AND FEMALE GERBILS (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS) TOWARDS TEST PUPS DURING PREGNANCY OF THE FEMALE.
Elwood, R.W. 1977. Animal Behaviour, 25: 46-51

THE INFLUENCE OF LITTER SIZE AND PARENTAL BEHAVIOUR ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MONGOLIAN GERBILS.
Elwood, R.W., Broom, D.M. 1978. Animal Behaviour, 26: 438-54

THE DEVELOPMENT, INHIBITION AND DISINHIBITION OF PUP-CANNIBALISM IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Elwood, R.W. 1980. Animal Behaviour, 28: 1188-94

EFFECT OF THE MALE PARENT ON PUP SURVIVAL IN MONGOLIAN GERBILS (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Gerling, S., Yahr, P. 1979. Animal Behaviour, 27: 310-1

THE SOCIALITY SYNDROM. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF GERBILS.
Goltsman, M.E., Popov, S.V., Chabovskii, A.V., Borisova, N.G. 1994. Zh. Obshch. Biol., 55(1): 49-69

PRE-COPULATORY BEHAVIOUR IN THE MALE MONGOLIAN GERBIL: I. DIFFERENCES IN DEPENDENCE ON ANDROGEN OF COMPONENT PATTERNS.
Holman, S.D., Hutchison, J.B. 1982. Animal Behaviour, 30: 221-30

PRE-COPULATORY BEHAVIOUR IN THE MALE MONGOLIAN GERBIL: II. EFFECTS OF POST-CASTRATION SEXUAL AND AGGRESSIVE INTERACTIONS ON RESPONSIVENESS TO ANDROGEN.
Holman, S.D., Hutchison, J.B., Snelson, D. 1982. Animal Behaviour, 30: 231-9

BREEDING AND REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DESERT GERBIL, MERIONES CRASSUS.
Marafie, E., Nayak, R., and Al-Zaid, N. 1978. Lab. Anim. Sci., 28, no. 4, 397-401. *

EARLY POSTNATAL GROWTH AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
McManus, J.J. 1971. Journal of Mammalogy, 52: 782-92

OCCURANCE OF OESTRUS IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL AFTER PAIRING WITH A MALE.
Meckley, P.E., Ginther, O.J. 1974. Lab. Anim. 8(1):93-7

DELAYED IMPLANTATION IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Norris, M.L., Adams, C.E. 1971. J. of Reprod. and Fert., 27: 486-7

THE GROWTH OF THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS, FROM BIRTH TO MATURITY.
Norris, M.L., Adams, C.E. 1972. Journal of Zoology London, 166: 277-82

MORTALITY FROM BIRTH TO WEANING IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Norris, M.L., Adams, C.E. 1972. Lab. Anim. 6(1):49-53

SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE OVARY.
Norris, M.L., Adams, C.E. 1974. J. of Reprod. and Fert., 57: 245-8

VAGINAL OPENING IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS: NORMAL DATA AND THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL FACTORS.
Norris, M.L., Adams, C.E. 1979. Lab. Anim. 13(2):159-62

EXTEROCEPTIVE FACTORS AND PREGNANCY BLOCK IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Norris, M.L., Adams, C.E. 1979. J. of Reprod. and Fert., 57: 401-4

PREGNANCY CONCURRENT WITH LACTATION IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Norris, M.L., Adams, C.E. 1981. Lab. Anim. 15(1):21-3

MATING POST PARTUM AND LENGTH OF GESTATION IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Norris, M.L., Adams, C.E. 1981. Lab. Anim. 15(2):189-91

TIME OF MATING AND ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN THE VAGINAL SMEAR OF THE POST-PARTURIENT MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Norris, M.L., Adams, C.E. 1981. Laboratory Animals. 15(2):193-8

LIFETIME REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF MONGOLIAN GERBILS (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Norris, M.L., Adams, C.E. 1982. Laboratory Animals, 16: 146-50

SOCIAL INFLUENCE ON SEXUAL MATURATION AND BREEDING IN THE FEMALE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Payman, B.C., Swanson, H.H. 1980. Animals Behaviour, 28: 528-35

INVESTIGATION OF THE BRUCE EFFECT IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Rohrbach, C. 1982. J. of Reprod. and Fert., 65: 411-7

EARLY EXPERIENCE, REPRODUCTIVE SUCCES, AND DEVELOPMENT OF PARENTAL BEHAVIOUR IN MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Salo, A., French, J.A. 1989. Animal Behaviour, 38: 693-702

SEX AND INTRAUTERINE POSITION INFLUENCE THE SIZE OF THE GERBIL HIPPOCAMPUS.
Sherry, D.F., Galef, B.G. Jr., Clark, M.M. 1996. Physiology & Behavior, 60(6): 1491-4

Taxonomy, Ecology, Behaviour, Reproduction, Physiology, Pathology, General

PHYSIOLOGY

WATER REQUIREMENTS OF GERBILS.
Arrington, L.R., Ammerman, C.B. 1969. Lab. Anim. Care 19(4):503-5

GROWTH, LONGEVITY, AND REPRODUCTIVE LIFE OF THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Arrington, L.R., Beaty, T.C., Jr. and Kelley, K.C. 1973. Lab. Anim. Sci., 23, no. 2, 262-265. *

PROTEIN REQUIREMENT OF GROWING GERBILS.
Arrington, L.R., Ammerman, C.B., Franke, D.E. 1973. Lab. Anim. Sci. 23(6):851-4

THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL: QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF THE CELLULAR BLOOD PICTURE.
Dillon, W.G., Glomski, C.A. 1975. Lab. Anim. 9(4):283-7

WATER BALANCE DURING SALINE IMBIBITION IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Edwards, B.A., Peters, A.R. 1987. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Vol. 90A, No.1, pp. 93-8

DISTANCE ESTIMATION IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL: THE ROLE OF DYNAMIC DEPTH CUES.
Ellard, C.G., Goodale, M.A., Timney, B. 1984. Behavioural Brain Research, 14: 29-39

HAEMATOLOGISCHE UND KLINISCH-CHEMISCHE NORMALBEREICHE DER MONGOLISCHEN WUESTENRENNMAUS (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Gattermann, R. 1979. Z. Versuchstierkd. 21: 273-275

SENSITIVITY TO ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT IN THE GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS): CHARACTERISTICS AND MECHANISMS.
Jacobs, G.H., Deegan II, J.F. 1994. Vision Research, 34(11): 1433-41

ULTRASOUND AND THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Lerwill, C.J. 1978. Journal of Zoology London, 186: 263-6

A STEREOTAXIC ATLAS OF THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL BRAIN (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS)
Loskota, W.J., Lomax, P., Verity, M.A. 1974. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Mich.

BASELINE HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS)
Mays, A., Jr. 1969. Lab. Anim. Care, 19 no. 6, 838-842. *

VOLUME AND ION REGULATING RENAL FUNCTIONS IN THE BIG GERBIL (RHOBOMYS OPIMUS L.) AND THE WATER VOLE (ARVICOLA TERRESTRIS L.).
Natochin, YuV. et al. 1982. Comp. Biochem. Physiol A. 72(3):535-9

FEEDING CHARACTERISTICS OF MONGOLIAN GERBILS (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Otken, C.C., Scott, C.E. 1984. Lab. Anim. Sci., 34(2): 181-4

THE SOMATIC CHROMOSOMES OF THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Pakes, S.P. 1969. Laboratory Animal Care, 19(6): 857-61

METABOLISM OF THE GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Robinson, P.F. 1959. Science, 130: 502-3

THE EFFECTS OF WATER DEPRIVATION AND SALT LOAD ON WATER CONSERVATION EFFICIENCY IN TWO INDIAN DESERT GERBILS.
Sasidharan, T.O., Goyal, S.P., Chand, P., Gosh, P.K. 1990. J. Comp. Physiol [B], 160(4): 413-22

TEMPERATURE ACCLIMATION IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS): BIOCHEMICAL AND ORGAN WEIGHT CHANGES.
Steffen, J.M., Roberts, J.C. 1977. Comp. Biochem. Physiol (B) 58(3):237-42

VISUAL BEHAVIOR OF THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Thiessen, D.D., Lindzey, G., Blum, S., Tucker, A., Friend, H. 1968. Psychonomic Science, 11(1): 23-4

ANDROGEN CONTROL OF TERRITORIAL MARKING IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Thiessen, D.D., Friend, H.C., Lindzey, G. 1968. Science, Vol 160: 432-4

THE GERBIL IN BEHAVIORAL INVESTIGATIONS: MECHANISMS OF TERRITORIALITY AND OLFACTORY COMMUNICATION.
Thiessen, D.D., Yahr, P. 1972. S. Austin: University of Texas Press

ULTRASONIC SIGNALING IN THE GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS): SOCIAL INTERACTION AND OLFACTION.
Thiessen, D.D., Graham, M., Davenport, R. 1978. J. of Comp. and Phys. Psych., 92: 1041-9

EFFECTS OF WATER DEPRIVATION ON THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS: ABSENCE OF HARDERIAN GLAND INVOLVEMENT.
Thiessen, D.D. 1980. Physiological Psychology, 8(3): 379-82

THE THERMOENERGETICS OF COAT COLOUR MAINTENANCE BY THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Thiessen, D.D., Pendergrass, M., Harriman, A.E. 1982. Journal of Thermal Biology, 7: 51-6

VISUAL PIGMENTS AND RETINOIDS IN THE MONGOLIAN JIRD.
Tsin, A.T., Flores, J.M., Rodriguea, K.A. 1987. Life Sci. 41(18):2085-90

Taxonomy, Ecology, Behaviour, Reproduction, Physiology, Pathology, General

PATHOLOGY

SPONTANEOUS TUMORS IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Benitz, K.F., Kramer Jr., A.W. 1965. Laboratory Animal Care, 15(5): 281-94 *

PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN AN AGING MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS) COLONY.
Bingel, S.A. 1995. Lab. Anim. Sci., 45, no. 5, 597-600 *

EPILEPSY AND BEHAVIOUR OF THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL: AN ETHOLOGICAL STUDY.
Cutler, M.G., Mackintosh, J.H. 1989. Physiology & Bahavior. 46(4):561-6

SUGAR CATARACTS IN MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
El-Aguizy, H.K., Richards, R.D., Varma, S.D. 1983. Exp. Eye Res. 36(6): 839-44

EXPERIMENTAL NASAL DERMATITIS IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL: EFFECT OF BILATERQAL HARDERIAN GLAND ADENECTOMY ON DEVELOPMENT OF FACIAL LESIONS.
Farrar, P.L., Opsomer, M.J., Kocen, J.A., Wagner, J.E. 1988. Laboratory Animal Science, 38(1): 72-6 *

EFFECTS OF FOSTERING ON SEIZURE ACTIVITY IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Kaplan, H. 1981. Dev. Psychobiol. 14(6):565-70

NATURALLY-OCCURING NEOPLASMS IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Meckley, P.E., Zwicker, G.M. 1979. Lab. Anim. 13(3):203-6

STAPHYLOCOCCAL DERMATITIS IN MONGOLIAN GERBILS (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Peckham, J.C., Cole, J.R., Chapman, JR., W.L., Malone, JR., J.B., McCall, J.W., Thompson, P.E. 1974. Laboratory Animal Science, 24(1): 43-7 *

TYZZER'S DISEASE IN THE GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Port, C.D., Richter, W.R., Moise, S.M. 1970. Laboratory Animal Care, 20(1): 109-11 *

SPONTANEOUS NEOPLASMS IN AGING GERBILLINAE.
Ringler, D.H., Lay, D.M., Abrams, G.D. 1972. Laboratory Animal Science, 22(3): 407-14 *

DIAGNOSTIC EXERCISE: HEAD TILT IN A GERBIL.
Schiffer, S.P., Lukas, V.S., Chrisp, C.E. 1966. Laboratory Animal Sience, 36(2): 176-7 *

DEMODICOSIS IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS): A CASE REPORT.
Schwarzbrott, S.S., Wagner, J.E., Frisk, C.S. 1974. Laboratory Animal Science, 24(4): 666-8 *

TUMORS IN GERBILLINAE: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND REPORT OF A CASE.
Shumaker, R.C., Paik, S.K., Houser, W.D. 1974. Lab. Anim. Sci., 24(4): 688-90

THE HISTOGENESIS OF HEPATOMA OCCURRING SPONTANEOUSLY IN A STRAIN OF SAND RATS (PSAMMOMYS OBESUS).
Ungar, H., Adler, J.H. 1978. American Journal of Pathology, 90(2): 399-409 *

ENCEPHALITIS IN GERBILS DUE TO NATURALLY OCCURING INFECTION WITH BACILLUS PILIFORMIS (TYZZER'S DISEASE).
Veazey, R.S. II, Paulsen, D.B., Schaeffer, D.O. 1992. Lab. Anim. Sci. 42, No.5: 516-8 *

SPONTANEOUS LESIONS AND PARASITES OF THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Vincent, A.L., Porter, D.D., Ash, L.R. 1075. Laboratory Animals Science, 25(6): 711-22 *

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON SPONTANEOUS NEOPLASMS IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Vincent, A.L., Ash, L.R. 1978. Laboratory Animal Science, 28(3): 297-300 *

THE PATHOLOGY OF THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS): A REVIEW.
Vincent, A.L., Rodrick, G.E. and Sodeman, A., Jr. 1979. Lab. Anim. Sci., 29, no. 5, 645-651. *

Taxonomy, Ecology, Behaviour, Reproduction, Physiology, Pathology, General

GENERAL

THE MAMMALS OF CHINA AND MONGOLIA.
Allen, G.M. 1940. The American Museum of Natural History, New York. *

MAMMALS OF MALAWI.
Ansell, W.F.H., Dowsett, R.J. 1988. The Trendrine Press, p. 102-5 *

RODENTS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA.
De Graaff. 1981. Butterworths, Durban. p. 83-111 *

THE FAUNA OF INDIA: MAMMALIA.
Ellerman, J.R. 1961. Vol. 3. Delhi.

MERIONES UNGUICULATUS.
Gulotta, E.F. 1971. Mammalian Species, 3, 1-5 *
Click here to go to some drawings taken from this article

A FIELD GUIDE TO THE MAMMALS OF AFRICA INCLUDING MADAGASCAR.
Haltenorth, T., Diller, H. 1980. Collins, London

THE MAMMALS OF NIGERIA.
Happold, D.C.D. 1987. Clarendon Press. Oxford. p. 118-21 *

THE MAMMALS OF ARABIA.
Harrison, D.L. 1972. Ernest Benn Limited, London, p. 1-13, 500-602 *

LIBYAN MAMMALS.
Hufnagl, E. 1972. The Oleander Press, Wisconsin

MAMMALS. KEY TO RODENTS.
Israel Program Scientific Translations, Jerusalem p. 164-172 *

BODY SIZE, GENDER, SEED HUSKING AND ENERGY REQUIREMENTS IN TWO SPECIES OF DESERT GERBILLINE RODENTS, MERIONES CRASSUS AND GERBILLUS HENLEYI.
Khokhlova, I.S., Degen, A.A., Kam, M. 1995. Functional Ecology, 9: 720-4 *

EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS, VOL IIB.
Kingdom, J. 1974. Academic Press, London. p. 507-18 *

MERIONES CRASSUS.
Koffler, B.R. 1972. Mammalian Species, 9:1-4

MAMMALS OF ALGERIA.
Kowalski, K. Rzebik-Kowalska, B. 1991. Zaklad Narodowy Imienia Ossolinskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk Wroclaw, Poland. p. 219-53 *

OBSERVATIONS SUR QUELQUES MAMMIFERES DU NORD DE LA CHINE.
Milne Edwards, A.. 1867. Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool) 7:375-377 *
Click here to go to this article (this is the 130th anniversary page)

RECHERCHES POUR SERVIR A L'HISTOIRE NATURELLE DES MAMMIFERES.
Milne Edwards, H.. 1868-1874. Paris, vol 1, 394 pp.; vol. 2, 81 pls. *
Click here to see some pages of this article

WALKER'S MAMMALS OF THE WORLD. (5th edition)
Nowak, R.M. 1991. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, London. *

MAMMALS OF THE USSR AND ADJACENT COUNTRIES.
Ognev, S.I. 1963. Vols. 4 and 6. Israel Program for Scientific Translation, Jerusalem

RODENTS OF THE SUBFAMILIES MURINAE, GERBILLINAE, AND CRICETINAE FROM TURKEY.
Osborn, D.J. 1965. J. Egypt Public Health Assoc., 40(5): 401-24

THE CONTEMPORARY LAND ANIMALS OF EGYPT (INCLUDING SINAI). (Fieldiana Zoology, no. 5)
Osborn, D.J. & Helmy, I. 1980. p. 94-358 *

[GERBILS OF THE WORLD].
Pavlinov, I.Ya., Dubrovsky, Yu.A., Rossolimo, O.L., Potapova, E.G. 1990. Nauka, Moscow, 368 pp. (in Russian)

MANUAL OF THE MAMMALS OF SRI LANKA. PART I-III.
Phillips, W.W.A. 1980. 2nd revised edition. Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka. p. 208-11 *

RODENTS IN DESERT ENVIRONMENTS.
Prakash, I. and Ghosh, P.K. 1975. Dr. W. Junk b.v. Publishers, The Hague. p. 1-116, 177-84, 189-224, 269-76, 331-88, 397-444, 465-598 *

THE BOOK OF INDIAN ANIMALS.
Prater, S.H. 1980. Bombay Natural History Sci. p. 188-217 *

THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS) IN RESEARCH.
Rich, S.T. 1968. J. Anim. Care, 18, no. 2, 235-243. *

THE MAMMALS OF PAKISTAN.
Roberts, T.J. 1977. Ernest Benn Limited, London, Tonbridge. p. 278-300 *

GERBIL CARE AND MAINTENANCE.
Robinson Jr, D.G. 1975. Gerbil Digest, 2(2): 1-4

THE RODENTS OF WEST AFRICA.
Rosevear, D.R. 1969. British Museum (Natural History), London. p. 198-212 *

THE MAMMALS OF THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN SUBREGION.
Skinner, J.D., Smithers, R.H.N. 1990. University of Pretoria, 2nd ed.: 284-94 *

FIELD GUIDE TO THE MAMMALS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA.
Stuart's, Chris, Tilde. 1988. New Holland

THE RODENTS OF UGANDA.
Systemetic account. p. 30-105 *

THE DUKE OF BEDFORD'S ZOOLOGICAL EXPLOIRATION IN EASTERN ASIA. IX. LIST OF MAMMALS FROM THE MONGOLIAN PLATEAU.
Thomas, O. 1908. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1908: 104-10 *

RODENTS OF LIBYA.
U.S. National Museum Bulletin 275: 86-225 *

FAUNA OF THE U.S.S.R. MAMMALS. KEY TO RODENTS.
Vinogrodov, B.S., Argiropulo, A.I. 1968. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. p. 164-72

  Taxonomy, Ecology, Behaviour, Reproduction, Physiology, Pathology, General

ASSORTMENT OF COAT COLOR GENES IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Allan, D. and Robinson, R. 1988. Journal of Heridity 79(5): 386-7

MALIGNANT MELANOMA IN A BLACK GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Cramlet, S.H., Toft II, J.D. & Olsen, N.W. 1974. Laboratory Animal Science, 24, 545-547.
* Second report on a coat colour mutation in the Mongolian gerbil. The first black Mongolian gerbil was born in January 1971 in the U.S.A.

INFLUENCE OF COAT COLOR GENES ON SEIZURE BEHAVIOR IN MONGOLIAN GERBILS.
Gray-Allan, P., Wong, R.
* Seizure tendencies of three separate lines of Mongolian gerbils Meriones unguiculatus carrying three different coat color alleles were investigated. These alleles were agouti (A/-), black or nonagouti (a/a), or sandy (pink-eyed dilution p/p). Each animal was stroked on the back and then placed in a novel cage for 5 min while its seizure activity was measured in terms of latency, duration, and severity (grade). The results indicate that gerbils which are homozygous recessive at the pink-eyed dillution locus (sandy) exhibit less severe and shorter seizures than others. However, gerbils which are homozygous recessive at the agouti gene locus (black) show a shorter latency to manifest seizures than the other animals. These results indicate that the genetic mechanism determining coat color in Mongolian gerbils may also influence the susceptibility of these animals to seizure arising from novel situations.

NON-AGOUTI AND PINK-EYED DILUTION IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL
Henley, M. & Robinson, R. 1981. The Journal of Heredity, 72, 60-61.
*Analysis of the pink-eyed dilution mutation in the Mongolian gerbil. First Argente golden animal occurred in 1977 in London. Combination experiments with non-agouti (aa) were performed, leading to the first lilacs (they were not described as such in the article).

A CASE OF DOMINANCE MODIFICATION IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Leiper, B.D. & Robinson, R. 1984. The Journal of Heredity, 75, 323.
* Combining the three (not spot) colour mutations in the Mongolian gerbil known at that time, leading to new colors as the Argente creme, the pseudo-albino and the silver (now named 'dove' by fanciers).

GRAY MUTANT IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Leiper, B.D. & Robinson, R. 1985. The Journal of Heredity, 76, 473.
* colour mutant discovered in England in 1976. Resembles the chinchilla mutants of the albino series of alleles in mice and other mammals. When gray animals were mated to animals homozygous for acromelanic albino, only agouti animals were born. The gray mutant is not an allele of the albino locus and it's gene symbol designation is 'g'. Combinations with already known coat colour genes were made, leading to:
- dark sepia (fanciers call this colour 'slate' [previously 'blue'])
- pale cream or ivory (fanciers call this colour 'white bellied cream')
- off-white (fanciers call this colour 'Ruby Eyed White (REW)'

LINKAGE OF ALBINO AND PINK-EYED DILUTION GENES IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL AND OTHER RODENTS.
Leiper, B.D. & Robinson, R. 1986. The Journal of Heredity, 77, 207.
* In this paper it was shown that the c-locus and the p-locus are linked, which means that they are located on the same chromosome. The colour now known to fanciers as lilac was called 'dove', and the colour now known to fanciers as dove was called 'silver'.

THE GENETICS OF COAT COLORS IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS).
Matsuzaki, T., Yasuda, Y. & Nonaka, S. 1989. Experimental Animals, 38, 337-341.
* In this paper three coat colour controlling loci are presented: a-locus, b-locus and c-locus. A well established colony of agouti animals was kept; 1855 animals were bred between 1949 and 1988. No coat colour variants were found in this colony. They introduced 4 white animals from a pet shop in Yokohama. In later generations it was proven that the white animals were carrying the black allele (a). From different mating experiments they showed that both white and black are autosomal recessive traits. The authors claim this is the first report of black coat colour in the Mongolian gerbil, which is not true because Cramlet et al. already described the blacks in 1974 and they were further analyzed by Waring et al. in 1980. Furthermore the authors claim that the white animals are true albino's and not acromelanistic as the animals described by Robinson in 1973. Because of this difference the authors designated the allele symbol as 'c' (not ch). Because of the high density of melanin in the black animals the authors hypothesize there will be a b-locus controlling this. Unfortunately, no brown coat colour controlled by an allele of the brown locus has been found.

ACROMELANIC ALBINISM IN MAMMALS.
Robinson, R. 1973. Genetics, 44, 454-458.
* First report on a coat colour mutant in the Mongolian gerbil. The himalayan mutation (Dark Tailed White) is described and compared to similar mutations in other species of mammals. This mutation is found in Britain since 1970.

THE 'HAIRLESS' GERBIL: A NEW MUTANT.
Swanson, H.H. 1980. Laboratory Animals, 14, 143-147.
* Three hairless animals were born to a couple of Mongolian gerbils. Two did not survive past 5 weeks. The third animal (a female) survived and produced three litters, the first two died within two days after birth, the third was fostered. The pups of the fostered nest were examined after one week, all seemed to be growing hair. Although the hairless animal looks bald, the smooth warm skin is covered by fine stubble. The vibrissae also appear broken off short.

GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE BLACK PIGMENT MUTATION IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Waring, A.D. & Poole, T.W. 1980. The Journal of Heredity, 71, 428-429.
*The black pigment mutation of the Mongolian gerbil is inherited in an autosomal recessive way and is not linked to the pigment mutation spotted (Sp). Black gerbils have deep glossy black coats, yellow perineal hairs, and small white patches under the chin and across the front feet. The black hairs are pigmented entirely with eumelanin including numerous cortical granules. The similarities between the black gerbil mutant and various black pigment mutations in mice are discussed.

WHITE SPOTTING IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL.
Waring, A.D., Poole, T.W. & Perper, T. 1978. The Journal of Heredity, 69, 347-349.
*White spotting accompanied by some dilution of coat colour. White spots on the crown of the head, nape of the neck, and tip of the nose. Dominant inheritance, lethal when homozygous. The first spotted Mongolian gerbil was born in January 1976 in New Jersey, U.S.A.